The most widely acknowledged cartographer, Karen Wynn Fonstad, has been criticized for not correcting errors in her Atlas of Middle-earth. Many maps, particularly illustrated maps, introduce errors and inconsistencies into the cartography of Middle-earth. Christopher Tolkien is credited with drawing the standard Middle-earth map used in The Lord of the Rings. The most widely published map of Middle-earth is probably the Ballantine map. Those maps, while not canonical, serve to illustrate just how creative people can be in representing Middle-earth. Many artists have long since drawn their own maps of Middle-earth, some of which have been published in annotative books and essay collections. The Pauline Baynes Middle-earth Map is considered a rare primary source of information on Middle-earth. The Pauline Baynes map is the only non-Tolkien illustration used as an authoritative reference by Tolkien researchers when discussing Middle-earth as Tolkien himself published it. The only map that Tolkien himself specifically sanctioned and assisted with was the 1969 Pauline Baynes map of Middle-earth, which introduced several new place names (and at least one mis-spelling) into the Middle-earth lexicon. Some editions of The Lord of the Rings have included maps of Middle-earth drawn by other people. Tolkien himself (his son christopher was too young at the time to assist in such tasks). Both of the maps used in The Hobbit were drawn by J.R.R. Tolkien did draw some of the maps that he used for his stories but his son Christopher drew the “final” maps used for publication in The Lord of the Rings. Q: Are the Maps at the Beginning of Each LOTR Book Hand Drawn by Tolkien?ĪNSWER: J.R.R.
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